diff --git a/cryptocurrencies/Installing_bitcoind_on_raspberry_pi.html b/cryptocurrencies/Installing_bitcoind_on_raspberry_pi.html
index 91e21b4..21a3906 100644
--- a/cryptocurrencies/Installing_bitcoind_on_raspberry_pi.html
+++ b/cryptocurrencies/Installing_bitcoind_on_raspberry_pi.html
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ maxuploadtarget=5000
     <footer class="footer">
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             <p class="text-muted">
-                <center>This project contains 15 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
+                <center>This project contains 16 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
                 <br/>
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                     <time datetime="2018">2018</time>.
diff --git a/cryptocurrencies/blockchain_bad.html b/cryptocurrencies/blockchain_bad.html
index 7adb168..64a7e8b 100644
--- a/cryptocurrencies/blockchain_bad.html
+++ b/cryptocurrencies/blockchain_bad.html
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
     <footer class="footer">
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             <p class="text-muted">
-                <center>This project contains 15 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
+                <center>This project contains 16 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
                 <br/>
                 Copyright &copy; Guillaume Redoulès,
                     <time datetime="2018">2018</time>.
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index f2a3cab..6ec4e77 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -265,6 +265,7 @@
       </div>
       <div class="panel-body">
         <ul>
+            <li><a href="./python/Opening_file.html">Opening a file with python</a></li>
             <li><a href="./python/Opening_SQLite_database.html">Opening a SQLite database with python</a></li>
         </ul>
       </div>
@@ -485,7 +486,7 @@
     <footer class="footer">
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             <p class="text-muted">
-                <center>This project contains 15 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
+                <center>This project contains 16 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
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                 Copyright &copy; Guillaume Redoulès,
                     <time datetime="2018">2018</time>.
diff --git a/linux/Reloading_.bashrc.html b/linux/Reloading_.bashrc.html
index a5ba577..3c6f64a 100644
--- a/linux/Reloading_.bashrc.html
+++ b/linux/Reloading_.bashrc.html
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ However, you can use the following command to do it </p>
     <footer class="footer">
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             <p class="text-muted">
-                <center>This project contains 15 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
+                <center>This project contains 16 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
                 <br/>
                 Copyright &copy; Guillaume Redoulès,
                     <time datetime="2018">2018</time>.
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index 185565a..b85e4db 100644
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-                <center>This project contains 15 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
+                <center>This project contains 16 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
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                 Copyright &copy; Guillaume Redoulès,
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diff --git a/linux/mount_nfs_share_fstab.html b/linux/mount_nfs_share_fstab.html
index 0bcbe55..f27c6e4 100644
--- a/linux/mount_nfs_share_fstab.html
+++ b/linux/mount_nfs_share_fstab.html
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
     <footer class="footer">
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             <p class="text-muted">
-                <center>This project contains 15 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
+                <center>This project contains 16 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
                 <br/>
                 Copyright &copy; Guillaume Redoulès,
                     <time datetime="2018">2018</time>.
diff --git a/linux/share_nfs_share.html b/linux/share_nfs_share.html
index 132dd2c..25ced93 100644
--- a/linux/share_nfs_share.html
+++ b/linux/share_nfs_share.html
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
     <footer class="footer">
         <div class="container">
             <p class="text-muted">
-                <center>This project contains 15 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
+                <center>This project contains 16 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
                 <br/>
                 Copyright &copy; Guillaume Redoulès,
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index fbd3e39..3bc142a 100644
--- a/machine-learning/Source code for the recommandation engine for articles.html	
+++ b/machine-learning/Source code for the recommandation engine for articles.html	
@@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ Top dislike features:
     <footer class="footer">
         <div class="container">
             <p class="text-muted">
-                <center>This project contains 15 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
+                <center>This project contains 16 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
                 <br/>
                 Copyright &copy; Guillaume Redoulès,
                     <time datetime="2018">2018</time>.
diff --git a/pages/about.html b/pages/about.html
index 1b0a351..071ada0 100644
--- a/pages/about.html
+++ b/pages/about.html
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@
     <footer class="footer">
         <div class="container">
             <p class="text-muted">
-                <center>This project contains 15 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
+                <center>This project contains 16 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
                 <br/>
                 Copyright &copy; Guillaume Redoulès,
                     <time datetime="2018">2018</time>.
diff --git a/python/Creating_a_sqlite_database.html b/python/Creating_a_sqlite_database.html
index 16cd5a5..dff604e 100644
--- a/python/Creating_a_sqlite_database.html
+++ b/python/Creating_a_sqlite_database.html
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
     <footer class="footer">
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             <p class="text-muted">
-                <center>This project contains 15 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
+                <center>This project contains 16 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
                 <br/>
                 Copyright &copy; Guillaume Redoulès,
                     <time datetime="2018">2018</time>.
diff --git a/python/Iterating_over_a_dataframe.html b/python/Iterating_over_a_dataframe.html
index a9be974..8f58cdd 100644
--- a/python/Iterating_over_a_dataframe.html
+++ b/python/Iterating_over_a_dataframe.html
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ At line 5 there is a plum which is purple and contains 28 kcal
     <footer class="footer">
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+                <center>This project contains 16 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
                 <br/>
                 Copyright &copy; Guillaume Redoulès,
                     <time datetime="2018">2018</time>.
diff --git a/python/Opening_SQLite_database.html b/python/Opening_SQLite_database.html
index c45c8b6..c0b2803 100644
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+++ b/python/Opening_SQLite_database.html
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@
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-                <center>This project contains 15 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
+                <center>This project contains 16 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
                 <br/>
                 Copyright &copy; Guillaume Redoulès,
                     <time datetime="2018">2018</time>.
diff --git a/python/Opening_file.html b/python/Opening_file.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1285fd9
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+++ b/python/Opening_file.html
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+    <header>
+    <h1>
+      Opening a file with python
+    </h1>
+<ol class="breadcrumb">
+    <li>
+        <time class="published" datetime="2018-08-03T18:25:00+02:00">
+            03 août 2018
+        </time>
+    </li>
+    <li>Python</li>
+    <li>Basics</li>
+</ol>
+</header>
+<div class='article_content'>
+<h1>Opening a file with python</h1>
+<p>This short article show you how to open a file using python. We will use the with keyword in order to avoid having to close the file.</p>
+<p>There is no need to import anything in order to open a file. All the function related to file manipulation are part of the python standard library</p>
+<p>In order to open a file, we will use the function open. This function takes two arguments : 
+<em> the path of the file
+</em> the mode you want to open the file </p>
+<p>The mode can be :
+<em> 'r' : read
+</em> 'w' : write
+<em> 'a' : append (writes at the end of the file) 
+</em> 'b' : binary mode 
+<em> 'x' : exclusive creation 
+</em> 't' : text mode (by default)</p>
+<p>Note that if the file does not exit it will be created if you use the following options "w", "a", "x".
+If you try to open a non existing file in read mode 'r', a FileNotFoundError will be returned.</p>
+<p>It is possible to combine multiple options together. For instance, you can open a file in binary mode for writing using the 'wb' option.</p>
+<p>Python distinguishes between binary and text I/O. Files opened in binary mode return contents as bytes objects without any decoding. In text mode , the contents of the file are returned as str, the bytes having been first decoded using a platform-dependent encoding or using the specified encoding if given.</p>
+<h2>Writing to a file</h2>
+<p>Let's first open (create) a text file a write a string to it.</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">filepath</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;.</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">myfile.txt&quot;</span>
+
+<span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filepath</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;w&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Hello world !&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<h2>Reading a file</h2>
+<p>we can now see how to read the content of a file. To do so, we will use the 'r' option</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filepath</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;r&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="n">content</span>  <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+<span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">content</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Hello world !
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<h1>A word on the <strong>with</strong> keyword</h1>
+<p>In python the <strong>with</strong> keyword is used when working with unmanaged resources (like file streams). </p>
+<p>The <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-343-the-with-statement">python documentation</a> tells us that : </p>
+<p>The with statement clarifies code that previously would use try...finally blocks to ensure that clean-up code is executed. In this section, I’ll discuss the statement as it will commonly be used. In the next section, I’ll examine the implementation details and show how to write objects for use with this statement.</p>
+<p>The with statement is a control-flow structure whose basic structure is:</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">expression</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">variable</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+        <span class="k">with</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">block</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<p>The expression is evaluated, and it should result in an object that supports the context management protocol (that is, has <strong>enter</strong>() and <strong>exit</strong>() methods).</p>
+</div>
+    <aside>
+    <div class="bug-reporting__panel">
+        <h3>Find an error or bug? Have a suggestion?</h3>
+        <p>Everything on this site is avaliable on GitHub. Head on over and <a href='https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io/issues/new'>submit an issue.</a> You can also message me directly by <a href='mailto:guillaume.redoules@gadz.org'>email</a>.</p>
+    </div>
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+</section>
+
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+        <div class="container">
+            <p class="text-muted">
+                <center>This project contains 16 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
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diff --git a/python/Reading_data_from_a_sql_database_with_pandas.html b/python/Reading_data_from_a_sql_database_with_pandas.html
index 0256c1f..33c6cee 100644
--- a/python/Reading_data_from_a_sql_database_with_pandas.html
+++ b/python/Reading_data_from_a_sql_database_with_pandas.html
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@
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+                <center>This project contains 16 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
                 <br/>
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index 715d231..e142f91 100644
--- a/python/Saving_a_matplotlib_figure_with_a_high_resolution.html
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+                <center>This project contains 16 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
                 <br/>
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index be1f929..8de8c28 100644
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         <div class="container">
             <p class="text-muted">
-                <center>This project contains 15 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
+                <center>This project contains 16 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
                 <br/>
                 Copyright &copy; Guillaume Redoulès,
                     <time datetime="2018">2018</time>.
diff --git a/python/Writing_data_to_a_sql_database_with_pandas.html b/python/Writing_data_to_a_sql_database_with_pandas.html
index 90f6b9d..919403b 100644
--- a/python/Writing_data_to_a_sql_database_with_pandas.html
+++ b/python/Writing_data_to_a_sql_database_with_pandas.html
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ However, exporting to a sql database can prove very useful. Indeed, having a wel
     <footer class="footer">
         <div class="container">
             <p class="text-muted">
-                <center>This project contains 15 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
+                <center>This project contains 16 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
                 <br/>
                 Copyright &copy; Guillaume Redoulès,
                     <time datetime="2018">2018</time>.
diff --git a/python/updating_all_python_package_with_anaconda.html b/python/updating_all_python_package_with_anaconda.html
index 371ea76..1a4d28a 100644
--- a/python/updating_all_python_package_with_anaconda.html
+++ b/python/updating_all_python_package_with_anaconda.html
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
     <footer class="footer">
         <div class="container">
             <p class="text-muted">
-                <center>This project contains 15 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
+                <center>This project contains 16 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
                 <br/>
                 Copyright &copy; Guillaume Redoulès,
                     <time datetime="2018">2018</time>.
diff --git a/search.html b/search.html
index 8635c00..f898c35 100644
--- a/search.html
+++ b/search.html
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
     <footer class="footer">
         <div class="container">
             <p class="text-muted">
-                <center>This project contains 15 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
+                <center>This project contains 16 pages and is available on <a href="https://github.com/redoules/redoules.github.io">GitHub</a>.
                 <br/>
                 Copyright &copy; Guillaume Redoulès,
                     <time datetime="2018">2018</time>.
diff --git a/sitemap.xml b/sitemap.xml
index d2f437f..314bae4 100644
--- a/sitemap.xml
+++ b/sitemap.xml
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
 
 <url>
 <loc>redoules.github.io/</loc>
-<lastmod>2018-08-03T18:23:42-00:00</lastmod>
+<lastmod>2018-08-03T18:39:27-00:00</lastmod>
 <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
 <priority>0.5</priority>
 </url>
@@ -17,6 +17,13 @@ xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
 <priority>0.5</priority>
 </url>
 
+<url>
+<loc>redoules.github.io/python/Opening_file.html</loc>
+<lastmod>2018-08-03T18:25:00+02:00</lastmod>
+<changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
+<priority>0.5</priority>
+</url>
+
 <url>
 <loc>redoules.github.io/python/Opening_SQLite_database.html</loc>
 <lastmod>2018-08-03T18:18:00+02:00</lastmod>
diff --git a/tipuesearch_content.json b/tipuesearch_content.json
index 179de57..bb5d6c1 100644
--- a/tipuesearch_content.json
+++ b/tipuesearch_content.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"pages":[{"title":"About Guillaume Redoulès","text":"I am a data scientist and a mechanical engineer working on numerical methods for stress computations in the field of rocket propulsion. Prior to that, I've got a MSc in Computational Fluid Dynamics and aerodynamics from Imperial College London. Email: guillaume.redoules@gadz.org Linkedin: Guillaume Redoulès Curriculum Vitae Experience Thermomecanical method and tools engineer , Ariane Group , 2015 - Present In charge of tools and methods related to thermomecanical computations. Focal point for machine learning. Education MSc Advanced Computational Methods for Aeronautics, Flow Management and Fluid-Structure Interaction , Imperial College London, London. 2013 Dissertation: \"Estimator design for fluid flows\" Fields: Aeronautics, aerodynamics, computational fluid dynamics, numerical methods Arts et Métiers Paristech , France, 2011 Generalist engineering degree Fields: Mechanics, electrical engineering, casting, machining, project management, finance, IT, etc.","tags":"pages","url":"redoules.github.io/pages/about.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/pages/about.html"},{"title":"Opening a SQLite database with python","text":"Opening a SQLite database with python This short article show you how to connect to a SQLite database using python. We will use the with keyword in order to avoid having to close the database. In order to connect to the database, we will have to import sqlite3 import sqlite3 from sqlite3 import Error In python the with keyword is used when working with unmanaged resources (like file streams). The python documentation tells us that : The with statement clarifies code that previously would use try...finally blocks to ensure that clean-up code is executed. In this section, I'll discuss the statement as it will commonly be used. In the next section, I'll examine the implementation details and show how to write objects for use with this statement. The with statement is a control-flow structure whose basic structure is: with expression [ as variable ]: with - block The expression is evaluated, and it should result in an object that supports the context management protocol (that is, has enter () and exit () methods). db_file = \". \\\\ mydatabase.db\" try : with sqlite3 . connect ( db_file ) as conn : print ( \"Connected to the database\" ) #your code here except Error as e : print ( e ) Connected to the database","tags":"Python","url":"redoules.github.io/python/Opening_SQLite_database.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/python/Opening_SQLite_database.html"},{"title":"Reading data from a sql database with pandas","text":"Reading data from a sql database with pandas When manipulating you data using pandas, it is sometimes useful to pull data from a database. In this tutorial, we will see how to querry a dataframe from a sqlite table. Note than it would also work with any other sql database a long as you change the connxion to the one that suits your needs. First let's import pandas and sqlite3 import pandas as pd import sqlite3 from sqlite3 import Error We want to store the table tutyfrutty in our dataframe. To do so, we will query all the elements present in the tutyfrutty TABLE with the command : SELECT * FROM tutyfrutty db_file = \". \\\\ mydatabase.db\" try : with sqlite3 . connect ( db_file ) as conn : df = pd . read_sql ( \"SELECT * FROM tutyfrutty\" , conn ) del df [ \"index\" ] #juste delete the index column that was stored in the table except Error as e : print ( e ) df .dataframe thead tr:only-child th { text-align: right; } .dataframe thead th { text-align: left; } .dataframe tbody tr th { vertical-align: top; } fruit color kcal 0 Banana yellow 89 1 Orange orange 47 2 Apple red 52 3 lemon yellow 15 4 lime green 30 5 plum purple 28 6 Cranberry red 308 7 Cranberry red 308","tags":"Python","url":"redoules.github.io/python/Reading_data_from_a_sql_database_with_pandas.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/python/Reading_data_from_a_sql_database_with_pandas.html"},{"title":"Writing data to a sql database with pandas","text":"Writing data to a sql database with pandas When manipulating you data using pandas, it is sometimes useful to store a dataframe. Pandas provides multiple ways to export dataframes. The most common consist in exporting to a csv, a pickle, to hdf or to excel. However, exporting to a sql database can prove very useful. Indeed, having a well structured database is a great for storing all the data related to your analysis in one place. In this tutorial, we will see how to store a dataframe in a new table of a sqlite dataframe. Note than it would also work with any other sql database a long as you change the connxion to the one that suits your needs. First let's import pandas and sqlite3 import pandas as pd import sqlite3 from sqlite3 import Error # Example dataframe raw_data = { 'fruit' : [ 'Banana' , 'Orange' , 'Apple' , 'lemon' , \"lime\" , \"plum\" ], 'color' : [ 'yellow' , 'orange' , 'red' , 'yellow' , \"green\" , \"purple\" ], 'kcal' : [ 89 , 47 , 52 , 15 , 30 , 28 ] } df = pd . DataFrame ( raw_data , columns = [ 'fruit' , 'color' , 'kcal' ]) df .dataframe thead tr:only-child th { text-align: right; } .dataframe thead th { text-align: left; } .dataframe tbody tr th { vertical-align: top; } fruit color kcal 0 Banana yellow 89 1 Orange orange 47 2 Apple red 52 3 lemon yellow 15 4 lime green 30 5 plum purple 28 Now that the DataFrame has been created, let's push it to the sqlite database called mydatabase.db in a new table called tutyfrutty db_file = \". \\\\ mydatabase.db\" try : with sqlite3 . connect ( db_file ) as conn : df . to_sql ( \"tutyfrutty\" , conn ) except Error as e : print ( e ) except ValueError : print ( \"The TABLE tutyfrutty already exists, read below to understand how to handle this case\" ) Note that if the table tutyfrutty was already existing, the to_sql function will return a ValueError. This is where, the if_exists option comes into play. Let's look at the docstring of this function : \"\"\" if_exists : {'fail', 'replace', 'append'}, default 'fail' - fail: If table exists, do nothing. - replace: If table exists, drop it, recreate it, and insert data. - append: If table exists, insert data. Create if does not exist. \"\"\" Let's say, I want to update my dataframe with some new rows df . loc [ len ( df ) + 1 ] = [ 'Cranberry' , 'red' , 308 ] df .dataframe thead tr:only-child th { text-align: right; } .dataframe thead th { text-align: left; } .dataframe tbody tr th { vertical-align: top; } fruit color kcal 0 Banana yellow 89 1 Orange orange 47 2 Apple red 52 3 lemon yellow 15 4 lime green 30 5 plum purple 28 7 Cranberry red 308 8 Cranberry red 308 I can now replace the table with the new values using the \"replace\" option db_file = \". \\\\ mydatabase.db\" try : with sqlite3 . connect ( db_file ) as conn : df . to_sql ( \"tutyfrutty\" , conn , if_exists = \"replace\" ) except Error as e : print ( e )","tags":"Python","url":"redoules.github.io/python/Writing_data_to_a_sql_database_with_pandas.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/python/Writing_data_to_a_sql_database_with_pandas.html"},{"title":"Creating a sqlite database","text":"Creating a sqlite database When you want to start with using databases SQlite is a great tool. It provides an easy onramp to learn and prototype you database with a SQL compatible database. First, let's import the libraries we need import sqlite3 from sqlite3 import Error SQlite doesn't need a database server, however, you have to start by creating an empty database file import os def check_for_db_file (): if os . path . exists ( \"mydatabase.db\" ): print ( \"the database is ready\" ) else : print ( \"no database found\" ) check_for_db_file () no database found Let's then create a function that will connect to a database, print the verison of sqlite and then close the connexion to the database. def create_database ( db_file ): \"\"\" create a database connection to a SQLite database \"\"\" try : with sqlite3 . connect ( db_file ) as conn : print ( \"database created with sqlite3 version {0}\" . format ( sqlite3 . version )) except Error as e : print ( e ) create_database ( \".\\mydatabase.db\" ) database created with sqlite3 version 2.6.0 check_for_db_file () the database is ready You're all set. From now on, you can open the database and write sql querries into it.","tags":"Python","url":"redoules.github.io/python/Creating_a_sqlite_database.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/python/Creating_a_sqlite_database.html"},{"title":"Setting up the notebook for plotting with matplotlib","text":"Importing Matplotlib First we need to import pyplot, a collection of command style functions that make matplotlib work like MATLAB. Let's, as well, use the magic command %matplotlib inline in order to display the figures in the notebook import matplotlib.pyplot as plt % matplotlib inline # this doubles image size, but we'll do it manually below # %config InlineBackend.figure_format = 'retina' The following parameters are recommended for matplotlib, they will make matplotlib output a better quality image # %load snippets/matplot_setup.py plt . rcParams [ 'savefig.dpi' ] = 300 plt . rcParams [ 'figure.dpi' ] = 163 plt . rcParams [ 'figure.autolayout' ] = False plt . rcParams [ 'figure.figsize' ] = 20 , 12 plt . rcParams [ 'axes.labelsize' ] = 18 plt . rcParams [ 'axes.titlesize' ] = 20 plt . rcParams [ 'font.size' ] = 16 plt . rcParams [ 'lines.linewidth' ] = 2.0 plt . rcParams [ 'lines.markersize' ] = 8 plt . rcParams [ 'legend.fontsize' ] = 14 plt . rcParams [ 'text.usetex' ] = False # True activates latex output in fonts! plt . rcParams [ 'font.family' ] = \"serif\" plt . rcParams [ 'font.serif' ] = \"cm\" plt . rcParams [ 'text.latex.preamble' ] = \" \\\\ usepackage{subdepth}, \\\\ usepackage{type1cm}\" You can change the second line in order to fit your display. 163 dpi corresponds to a Dell Ultra HD 4k P2715Q. You can check your screen's dpi count at http://dpi.lv/","tags":"Python","url":"redoules.github.io/python/Setting_up_the_notebook_for_plotting_with_matplotlib.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/python/Setting_up_the_notebook_for_plotting_with_matplotlib.html"},{"title":"Why using a blockchain is a bad idea for your business","text":"What having a blockchain implies? storage costs : everyone maintaining the ledger needs to store every transaction bandwith costs : everyone has to broadcast every transaction computational costs : every node has to validate the blockchain control : the creator does not control the blockchain, everyone collectively controls it developpement costs : developping on a blockchain is way harder than on a traditionnal database What to ask a business when they tell you that they are using a blockchain? When a business is telling you about their innovative technology leveraging the power of the blockchain this should immedialty spake some questions : What is the consensus algorithm? who is responsible for validating the consensus rules? what is the nature of the participation ? is it open to access? is it open to innovation? is it a public ledger? is it transparent? does it improves acountability? is it cross borders? how is it validated?","tags":"Cryptocurrencies","url":"redoules.github.io/cryptocurrencies/blockchain_bad.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/cryptocurrencies/blockchain_bad.html"},{"title":"Synology NFS share","text":"Setting up a NFS share login to your DSM admin account, open the \"Control Panel\" and go to \"File Services\" Make sure NFS is enabled Back in the control panel, go to \"Shared Folder\" Select the folder you want to share and clic \"Edit\" Go to the \"NFS Permissions tab and clic \"Create\", add the ip of the device you want to mount the mapped drive on. Make sure you copy the \"Mount path\"","tags":"Linux","url":"redoules.github.io/linux/share_nfs_share.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/linux/share_nfs_share.html"},{"title":"Mount a NFS share using fstab","text":"Mount nfs using fstab The fstab file, generally located at /etc/fstab lists the differents partitions and where to load them on the filesystem. You can edit this file as root by using the following command sudo nano /etc/fstab in the following example, we want to mount a NFS v3 share from : server : 192.168.1.2 mountpoint (on the server) : /volumeUSB2/usbshare * mountlocation (on the client) : /mnt we specify 192 .168.1.2:/volumeUSB2/usbshare /mnt nfs nfsvers = 3 ,users 0 0 the client will then automatically mount the share ont /mnt at startup. Related you can reload the fstab file using this method : https://redoules.github.io/linux/Reloading_fstab.html You can create a NFS share on a Synology using the method : https://redoules.github.io/linux/share_nfs_share.html","tags":"Linux","url":"redoules.github.io/linux/mount_nfs_share_fstab.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/linux/mount_nfs_share_fstab.html"},{"title":"Installing bitcoind on raspberry pi","text":"Installing bitcoind on linux Running a full bitcoin node helps the bitcoin network to accept, validate and relay transactions. If you want to volunteer some spare computing and bandwidth resources to run a full node and allow Bitcoin to continue to grow you can grab an inexpensive and power efficient raspberry pi and turn it into a full node. There are plenty of tutorials on the Internet explaining how to install a bitcoin full node; this tutorial won't go over setting up a raspberry pi and using ssh. In order to store the full blockchain we will mount a network drive and tell bitcoind to use this mapped drive as the data directory. Download the bitcoin client Go to https://bitcoin.org/en/download Copy the URL for the ARM 32 bit version and download it onto your raspberry pi. wget https://bitcoin.org/bin/bitcoin-core-0.15.1/bitcoin-0.15.1-arm-linux-gnueabihf.tar.gz Locate the downloaded file and extract it using the arguement xzf tar xzf bitcoin-0.15.1-arm-linux-gnueabihf.tar.gz a new directory bitcoin-0.15.1 will be created, it contrains the files we need to install the software Install the bitcoin client We will install the content by copying the binaries located in the bin folder into /usr/local/bin by using the install command. You must use sudo because it will write data to a system directory sudo install -m 0755 -o root -g root -t /usr/local/bin bitcoin-0.15.1/bin/* Launch the bitcoin core client by running bitcoind -daemon Configuration of the node Start your node at boot Starting you node automatically at boot time is a good idea because it doesn't require a manual action from the user. The simplest way to achive this is to create a cronjob. Run the following command crontab -e Select the text editor of your choice, then add the following line at the end of the file @reboot bitcoind -daemon Save the file and exit; the updated crontab file will be installed for you. Full Node If you can afford to download and store all the blockchain, you can run a full node. At the time of writing, the blockchain is 150Go ( https://blockchain.info/fr/charts/blocks-size ). Tree ways to store this are : use a microSD with 256Go or more add a thumbdrive or an external drive to your raspberry pi * mount a network drive from a NAS If you have purchased a big SD card then you can leave the default location for the blockchain data (~/.bitcoin/). Otherwise, you will have to change the datadir location to where your drive is mounted (in my case I have mounted it to /mnt) In order to configure your bitcoin client, edit/create the file bitcoin.conf located in ~/.bitcoin/ nano ~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf copy the following text # From redoules.github.io # This config should be placed in following path: # ~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf # [core] # Specify a non-default location to store blockchain and other data. datadir=/mnt # Set database cache size in megabytes; machines sync faster with a larger cache. Recommend setting as high as possible based upon mach$ dbcache=100 # Keep at most <n> unconnectable transactions in memory. maxorphantx=10 # Keep the transaction memory pool below <n> megabytess. maxmempool=50 # [network] # Maintain at most N connections to peers. maxconnections=40 # Tries to keep outbound traffic under the given target (in MiB per 24h), 0 = no limit. maxuploadtarget=5000 Check https://jlopp.github.io/bitcoin-core-config-generator it is a handy site to edit the bitcoin.conf file Pruning node If you don't want to store the entire blockchain you can run a pruning node which reduces storage requirements by enabling pruning (deleting) of old blocks. Let's say you want to allocated at most 5Go to the blockchain, then specify prune=5000 into your bitcoin.conf file. Edit/create the file bitcoin.conf located in ~/.bitcoin/ nano ~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf copy the following text # From redoules.github.io # This config should be placed in following path: # ~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf # [core] # Set database cache size in megabytes; machines sync faster with a larger cache. Recommend setting as high as possible based upon mach$ dbcache=100 # Keep at most <n> unconnectable transactions in memory. maxorphantx=10 # Keep the transaction memory pool below <n> megabytess. maxmempool=50 # Reduce storage requirements by only storing most recent N MiB of block. This mode is incompatible with -txindex and -rescan. WARNING: Reverting this setting requires re-downloading the entire blockchain. (default: 0 = disable pruning blocks, 1 = allow manual pruning via RPC, greater than 550 = automatically prune blocks to stay under target size in MiB). prune=5000 # [network] # Maintain at most N connections to peers. maxconnections=40 # Tries to keep outbound traffic under the given target (in MiB per 24h), 0 = no limit. maxuploadtarget=5000 Checking if your node is public one of the best way to help the bitcoin network is to allow your node to be visible and to propagate block to other nodes. The bitcoin protocole uses port 8333, other clients should be able to share information with your client. Run ifconfig and check if you have an ipv6 adresse (look for adr inet6:) IPV6 Get the global ipv6 adresse of your raspberry pi Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx inet adr:192.168.1.x Bcast:192.168.1.255 Masque:255.255.255.0 adr inet6: xxxx::xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx/64 Scope:Lien adr inet6: xxxx:xxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx/64 Scope:Global UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:42681744 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:38447218 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 lg file transmission:1000 RX bytes:3044414780 (2.8 GiB) TX bytes:2599878680 (2.4 GiB) it is located between adr inet4 and Scope:Global adr inet6: xxxx:xxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx/64 Scope:Global Copy this adresse and past it into the search field on https://bitnodes.earn.com/ If your node is visible, it will appear on the website IPV4 If you don't have an ipv6 adresse, you will have to open port 8333 on your router and redirect it to the internal IP of your raspberry pi. It is not detailed here because the configuration depends on your router.","tags":"Cryptocurrencies","url":"redoules.github.io/cryptocurrencies/Installing_bitcoind_on_raspberry_pi.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/cryptocurrencies/Installing_bitcoind_on_raspberry_pi.html"},{"title":"Reloading .bashrc","text":"Reload .bashrc The .bashrc file, located at ~/.bashrc allows a user to personalize its bash shell. If you edit this file, the changes won't be loaded without login out and back in. However, you can use the following command to do it source ~/.bashrc","tags":"Linux","url":"redoules.github.io/linux/Reloading_.bashrc.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/linux/Reloading_.bashrc.html"},{"title":"Reloading fstab","text":"Reload fstab The fstab file, generally located at /etc/fstab lists the differents partitions and where to load them on the filesystem. If you edit this file, the changes won't be automounted. You either have to reboot your system of use the following command as root mount -a","tags":"Linux","url":"redoules.github.io/linux/Reloading_fstab.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/linux/Reloading_fstab.html"},{"title":"Updating all python package with anaconda","text":"Updating anaconda packages All packages managed by conda can be updated with the following command : conda update --all Updating other packages with pip For the other packages, the pip package manager can be used. Unfortunately pip hasn't the same update all fonctionnality. import pip from subprocess import call for dist in pip . get_installed_distributions (): print ( \"updating {0}\" . format ( dist )) call ( \"pip install --upgrade \" + dist . project_name , shell = True )","tags":"Python","url":"redoules.github.io/python/updating_all_python_package_with_anaconda.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/python/updating_all_python_package_with_anaconda.html"},{"title":"Saving a matplotlib figure with a high resolution","text":"creating a matplotlib figure #Importing matplotlib % matplotlib inline import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np Drawing a figure # Fixing random state for reproducibility np . random . seed ( 19680801 ) mu , sigma = 100 , 15 x = mu + sigma * np . random . randn ( 10000 ) # the histogram of the data n , bins , patches = plt . hist ( x , 50 , normed = 1 , facecolor = 'g' , alpha = 0.75 ) plt . xlabel ( 'Smarts' ) plt . ylabel ( 'Probability' ) plt . title ( 'Histogram of IQ' ) plt . text ( 60 , . 025 , r '$\\mu=100,\\ \\sigma=15$' ) plt . axis ([ 40 , 160 , 0 , 0.03 ]) plt . grid ( True ) plt . show () Saving the figure normally, one would use the following code plt . savefig ( 'filename.png' ) <matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x2e45e92f400> The figure in then exported to the file \"filename.png\" with a standard resolution. In adittion, you can specify the dpi arg to some scalar value, for example: plt . savefig ( 'filename_hi_dpi.png' , dpi = 300 ) <matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x2e462164898>","tags":"Python","url":"redoules.github.io/python/Saving_a_matplotlib_figure_with_a_high_resolution.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/python/Saving_a_matplotlib_figure_with_a_high_resolution.html"},{"title":"Iterating over a DataFrame","text":"Create a sample dataframe # Import modules import pandas as pd # Example dataframe raw_data = { 'fruit' : [ 'Banana' , 'Orange' , 'Apple' , 'lemon' , \"lime\" , \"plum\" ], 'color' : [ 'yellow' , 'orange' , 'red' , 'yellow' , \"green\" , \"purple\" ], 'kcal' : [ 89 , 47 , 52 , 15 , 30 , 28 ] } df = pd . DataFrame ( raw_data , columns = [ 'fruit' , 'color' , 'kcal' ]) df .dataframe thead tr:only-child th { text-align: right; } .dataframe thead th { text-align: left; } .dataframe tbody tr th { vertical-align: top; } fruit color kcal 0 Banana yellow 89 1 Orange orange 47 2 Apple red 52 3 lemon yellow 15 4 lime green 30 5 plum purple 28 Using the iterrows method Pandas DataFrames can return a generator with the iterrrows method. It can then be used to loop over the rows of the DataFrame for index , row in df . iterrows (): print ( \"At line {0} there is a {1} which is {2} and contains {3} kcal\" . format ( index , row [ \"fruit\" ], row [ \"color\" ], row [ \"kcal\" ])) At line 0 there is a Banana which is yellow and contains 89 kcal At line 1 there is a Orange which is orange and contains 47 kcal At line 2 there is a Apple which is red and contains 52 kcal At line 3 there is a lemon which is yellow and contains 15 kcal At line 4 there is a lime which is green and contains 30 kcal At line 5 there is a plum which is purple and contains 28 kcal","tags":"Python","url":"redoules.github.io/python/Iterating_over_a_dataframe.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/python/Iterating_over_a_dataframe.html"},{"title":"Article Recommander","text":"import pandas as pd import numpy as np % matplotlib inline Loading data and preprocessing we first learn the pickled article database. We will be cleaning it and separating the interesting articles from the uninteresting ones. df = pd . read_pickle ( './article.pkl' ) del df [ \"html\" ] del df [ \"image\" ] del df [ \"URL\" ] del df [ \"hash\" ] del df [ \"source\" ] df [ \"label\" ] = df [ \"note\" ] . apply ( lambda x : 0 if x <= 0 else 1 ) df . head ( 5 ) .dataframe thead tr:only-child th { text-align: right; } .dataframe thead th { text-align: left; } .dataframe tbody tr th { vertical-align: top; } authors note resume texte titre label 0 [Danny Bradbury, Marco Santori, Adam Draper, M... -10.0 Black Market Reloaded, a black market site tha... Black Market Reloaded, a black market site tha... Black Market Reloaded back online after source... 0 1 [Emily Spaven, Stan Higgins, Emilyspaven] 1.0 The UK Home Office believes the government sho... The UK Home Office believes the government sho... Home Office: UK Should Create a Crime-Fighting... 1 2 [Pete Rizzo, Alex Batlin, Yessi Bello Perez, P... -10.0 Though lofty in its ideals, lead developer Dan... A new social messaging app is aiming to disrup... Gems Bitcoin App Lets Users Earn Money From So... 0 3 [Nermin Hajdarbegovic, Stan Higgins, Pete Rizz... 3.0 US satellite service provider DISH Network has... US satellite service provider DISH Network has... DISH Becomes World's Largest Company to Accept... 1 4 [Stan Higgins, Bailey Reutzel, Garrett Keirns,... -10.0 An unidentified 28-year-old man was robbed of ... An unidentified 28-year-old man was robbed of ... Bitcoin Stolen at Gunpoint in New York City Ro... 0 Basic statistics on the dataset let's explore the dataset and extract some numbers : * the number of article liked/disliked df [ \"label\" ] . value_counts () 0 879 1 324 Name: label, dtype: int64 Create the full content column df [ 'full_content' ] = df . titre + ' ' + df . resume #exclude the full texte of the article for the moment df . head ( 1 ) .dataframe thead tr:only-child th { text-align: right; } .dataframe thead th { text-align: left; } .dataframe tbody tr th { vertical-align: top; } authors note resume texte titre label full_content 0 [Danny Bradbury, Marco Santori, Adam Draper, M... -10.0 Black Market Reloaded, a black market site tha... Black Market Reloaded, a black market site tha... Black Market Reloaded back online after source... 0 Black Market Reloaded back online after source... from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split training , testing = train_test_split ( df , # The dataset we want to split train_size = 0.75 , # The proportional size of our training set stratify = df . label , # The labels are used for stratification random_state = 400 # Use the same random state for reproducibility ) training . head ( 5 ) .dataframe thead tr:only-child th { text-align: right; } .dataframe thead th { text-align: left; } .dataframe tbody tr th { vertical-align: top; } authors note resume texte titre label full_content 748 [Jon Brodkin] -10.0 Amazon, Reddit, Mozilla, and other Internet co... Amazon, Reddit, Mozilla, and other Internet co... Amazon and Reddit try to save net neutrality r... 0 Amazon and Reddit try to save net neutrality r... 1183 [Jon Brodkin] -10.0 (The Time Warner involved in this transaction ... A group of mostly Democratic senators led by A... Democrats urge Trump administration to block A... 0 Democrats urge Trump administration to block A... 769 [Joseph Brogan] -10.0 On Twitter, bad news comes at all hours, with ... On Twitter, bad news comes at all hours, with ... Some of the best art on Twitter comes from the... 0 Some of the best art on Twitter comes from the... 57 [Michael Del Castillo, Pete Rizzo, Trond Vidar... -10.0 Publicly traded online travel service Webjet i... Publicly traded online travel service Webjet i... Webjet Ethereum Pilot Targets Hotel Industry's... 0 Webjet Ethereum Pilot Targets Hotel Industry's... 892 [Andrew Cunningham] 10.0 What has changed on the 2017 MacBook, then?\\nI... Andrew Cunningham\\n\\nAndrew Cunningham\\n\\nAndr... Mini-review: The 2017 MacBook could actually b... 1 Mini-review: The 2017 MacBook could actually b... from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer , CountVectorizer from sklearn.svm import LinearSVC , SVC from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_predict from utils.plotting import pipeline_performance steps = ( ( 'vectorizer' , TfidfVectorizer ()), ( 'classifier' , LinearSVC ()) ) pipeline = Pipeline ( steps ) predicted_labels = cross_val_predict ( pipeline , training . full_content , training . label ) pipeline_performance ( training . label , predicted_labels ) pipeline = pipeline . fit ( training . titre , training . label ) Accuracy = 80.6% Confusion matrix, without normalization [[624 35] [140 103]] import re from utils.plotting import print_top_features from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV def mask_integers ( s ): return re . sub ( r '\\d+' , 'INTMASK' , s ) steps = ( ( 'vectorizer' , TfidfVectorizer ()), ( 'classifier' , LinearSVC ()) ) pipeline = Pipeline ( steps ) gs_params = { #'vectorizer__use_idf': (True, False), 'vectorizer__lowercase' : [ True , False ], 'vectorizer__stop_words' : [ 'english' , None ], 'vectorizer__ngram_range' : [( 1 , 1 ), ( 1 , 2 ), ( 2 , 2 )], 'vectorizer__preprocessor' : [ mask_integers , None ], 'classifier__C' : np . linspace ( 5 , 20 , 25 ) } gs = GridSearchCV ( pipeline , gs_params , n_jobs = 1 ) gs . fit ( training . full_content , training . label ) print ( gs . best_params_ ) print ( gs . best_score_ ) pipeline1 = gs . best_estimator_ predicted_labels = pipeline1 . predict ( testing . full_content ) pipeline_performance ( testing . label , predicted_labels ) print_top_features ( pipeline1 , n_features = 10 ) aaa = gs . predict ( testing . full_content ) == testing . label aaa = aaa [ testing . label == 1 ] testing [ \"titre\" ] . iloc [ ~ aaa . values ] #pipeline1.predict([\"windows xbox bitcoin\"]) from sklearn.externals import joblib joblib . dump ( pipeline1 , 'classifier.pkl' ) gs . predict ([ 'Google' ]) array([1], dtype=int64) steps = ( ( 'vectorizer' , TfidfVectorizer ()), ( 'classifier' , SVC ()) ) pipeline = Pipeline ( steps ) gs_params = { #'vectorizer__use_idf': (True, False), 'vectorizer__stop_words' : [ 'english' , None ], 'vectorizer__ngram_range' : [( 1 , 1 ), ( 1 , 2 ), ( 2 , 2 )], 'vectorizer__preprocessor' : [ mask_integers , None ], 'classifier__C' : np . linspace ( 5 , 20 , 25 ) } gs = GridSearchCV ( pipeline , gs_params , n_jobs = 1 ) gs . fit ( training . full_content , training . label ) print ( gs . best_params_ ) print ( gs . best_score_ ) pipeline1 = gs . best_estimator_ predicted_labels = pipeline1 . predict ( testing . full_content ) pipeline_performance ( testing . label , predicted_labels ) print_top_features ( pipeline1 , n_features = 10 ) {'classifier__C': 5.0, 'vectorizer__ngram_range': (1, 1), 'vectorizer__preprocessor': <function mask_integers at 0x00000237491B67B8>, 'vectorizer__stop_words': 'english'} 0.711180124224 Accuracy = 71.2% Confusion matrix, without normalization [[153 0] [ 62 0]] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ValueError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-9-3e0781e307fb> in <module>() 25 pipeline_performance(testing.label, predicted_labels) 26 ---> 27 print_top_features(pipeline1, n_features=10) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Documents\\Code\\recommandation\\utils\\plotting.py in print_top_features(pipeline, vectorizer_name, classifier_name, n_features) 81 def print_top_features(pipeline, vectorizer_name='vectorizer', classifier_name='classifier', n_features=7): 82 vocabulary = np.array(pipeline.named_steps[vectorizer_name].get_feature_names()) ---> 83 coefs = pipeline.named_steps[classifier_name].coef_[0] 84 top_feature_idx = np.argsort(coefs) 85 top_features = vocabulary[top_feature_idx] C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\svm\\base.py in coef_(self) 483 def coef_(self): 484 if self.kernel != 'linear': --> 485 raise ValueError('coef_ is only available when using a ' 486 'linear kernel') 487 ValueError: coef_ is only available when using a linear kernel from sklearn.naive_bayes import BernoulliNB steps = ( ( 'vectorizer' , TfidfVectorizer ()), ( 'classifier' , BernoulliNB ()) ) pipeline2 = Pipeline ( steps ) gs_params = { 'vectorizer__stop_words' : [ 'english' , None ], 'vectorizer__ngram_range' : [( 1 , 1 ), ( 1 , 2 ), ( 2 , 2 )], 'vectorizer__preprocessor' : [ mask_integers , None ], 'classifier__alpha' : np . linspace ( 0 , 1 , 5 ), 'classifier__fit_prior' : [ True , False ] } gs = GridSearchCV ( pipeline2 , gs_params , n_jobs = 1 ) gs . fit ( training . full_content , training . label ) print ( gs . best_params_ ) print ( gs . best_score_ ) pipeline2 = gs . best_estimator_ predicted_labels = pipeline2 . predict ( testing . full_content ) pipeline_performance ( testing . label , predicted_labels ) print_top_features ( pipeline2 , n_features = 10 ) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - {'classifier__alpha': 0.25, 'classifier__fit_prior': True, 'vectorizer__ngram_range': (1, 1), 'vectorizer__preprocessor': <function mask_integers at 0x00000237491B67B8>, 'vectorizer__stop_words': 'english'} 0.805900621118 Accuracy = 78.1% Confusion matrix, without normalization [[140 13] [ 34 28]] Top like features: ['use' 'just' 'year' 'price' 'time' 'Bitcoin' 'bitcoin' 'new' 'The' 'INTMASK'] --- Top dislike features: ['ABBA' 'cable' 'cab' 'byte' 'publication' 'bye' 'publications' 'publicity' 'buyer' 'publicizing'] from sklearn.naive_bayes import MultinomialNB steps = ( ( 'vectorizer' , TfidfVectorizer ()), ( 'classifier' , MultinomialNB ()) ) pipeline3 = Pipeline ( steps ) gs_params = { 'vectorizer__stop_words' : [ 'english' , None ], 'vectorizer__ngram_range' : [( 1 , 1 ), ( 1 , 2 ), ( 2 , 2 )], 'vectorizer__preprocessor' : [ mask_integers , None ], 'classifier__alpha' : np . linspace ( 0 , 1 , 5 ), 'classifier__fit_prior' : [ True , False ] } gs = GridSearchCV ( pipeline3 , gs_params , n_jobs = 1 ) gs . fit ( training . full_content , training . label ) print ( gs . best_params_ ) print ( gs . best_score_ ) pipeline3 = gs . best_estimator_ predicted_labels = pipeline3 . predict ( testing . full_content ) pipeline_performance ( testing . label , predicted_labels ) print_top_features ( pipeline3 , n_features = 10 ) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - {'classifier__alpha': 0.5, 'classifier__fit_prior': False, 'vectorizer__ngram_range': (1, 1), 'vectorizer__preprocessor': <function mask_integers at 0x00000237491B67B8>, 'vectorizer__stop_words': 'english'} 0.80900621118 Accuracy = 79.1% Confusion matrix, without normalization [[141 12] [ 33 29]] Top like features: ['time' 'Google' 'Pro' 'Apple' 'new' 'The' 'Bitcoin' 'price' 'bitcoin' 'INTMASK'] --- Top dislike features: ['ABBA' 'categories' 'catching' 'catalyst' 'catalog' 'casually' 'casts' 'cast' 'cashier' 'ran']","tags":"Machine Learning","url":"redoules.github.io/machine-learning/Source code for the recommandation engine for articles.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/machine-learning/Source code for the recommandation engine for articles.html"}]}
\ No newline at end of file
+{"pages":[{"title":"About Guillaume Redoulès","text":"I am a data scientist and a mechanical engineer working on numerical methods for stress computations in the field of rocket propulsion. Prior to that, I've got a MSc in Computational Fluid Dynamics and aerodynamics from Imperial College London. Email: guillaume.redoules@gadz.org Linkedin: Guillaume Redoulès Curriculum Vitae Experience Thermomecanical method and tools engineer , Ariane Group , 2015 - Present In charge of tools and methods related to thermomecanical computations. Focal point for machine learning. Education MSc Advanced Computational Methods for Aeronautics, Flow Management and Fluid-Structure Interaction , Imperial College London, London. 2013 Dissertation: \"Estimator design for fluid flows\" Fields: Aeronautics, aerodynamics, computational fluid dynamics, numerical methods Arts et Métiers Paristech , France, 2011 Generalist engineering degree Fields: Mechanics, electrical engineering, casting, machining, project management, finance, IT, etc.","tags":"pages","url":"redoules.github.io/pages/about.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/pages/about.html"},{"title":"Opening a file with python","text":"Opening a file with python This short article show you how to open a file using python. We will use the with keyword in order to avoid having to close the file. There is no need to import anything in order to open a file. All the function related to file manipulation are part of the python standard library In order to open a file, we will use the function open. This function takes two arguments : the path of the file the mode you want to open the file The mode can be : 'r' : read 'w' : write 'a' : append (writes at the end of the file) 'b' : binary mode 'x' : exclusive creation 't' : text mode (by default) Note that if the file does not exit it will be created if you use the following options \"w\", \"a\", \"x\". If you try to open a non existing file in read mode 'r', a FileNotFoundError will be returned. It is possible to combine multiple options together. For instance, you can open a file in binary mode for writing using the 'wb' option. Python distinguishes between binary and text I/O. Files opened in binary mode return contents as bytes objects without any decoding. In text mode , the contents of the file are returned as str, the bytes having been first decoded using a platform-dependent encoding or using the specified encoding if given. Writing to a file Let's first open (create) a text file a write a string to it. filepath = \". \\\\ myfile.txt\" with open ( filepath , 'w' ) as f : f . write ( \"Hello world !\" ) Reading a file we can now see how to read the content of a file. To do so, we will use the 'r' option with open ( filepath , \"r\" ) as f : content = f . read () print ( content ) Hello world ! A word on the with keyword In python the with keyword is used when working with unmanaged resources (like file streams). The python documentation tells us that : The with statement clarifies code that previously would use try...finally blocks to ensure that clean-up code is executed. In this section, I'll discuss the statement as it will commonly be used. In the next section, I'll examine the implementation details and show how to write objects for use with this statement. The with statement is a control-flow structure whose basic structure is: with expression [ as variable ]: with - block The expression is evaluated, and it should result in an object that supports the context management protocol (that is, has enter () and exit () methods).","tags":"Python","url":"redoules.github.io/python/Opening_file.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/python/Opening_file.html"},{"title":"Opening a SQLite database with python","text":"Opening a SQLite database with python This short article show you how to connect to a SQLite database using python. We will use the with keyword in order to avoid having to close the database. In order to connect to the database, we will have to import sqlite3 import sqlite3 from sqlite3 import Error In python the with keyword is used when working with unmanaged resources (like file streams). The python documentation tells us that : The with statement clarifies code that previously would use try...finally blocks to ensure that clean-up code is executed. In this section, I'll discuss the statement as it will commonly be used. In the next section, I'll examine the implementation details and show how to write objects for use with this statement. The with statement is a control-flow structure whose basic structure is: with expression [ as variable ]: with - block The expression is evaluated, and it should result in an object that supports the context management protocol (that is, has enter () and exit () methods). db_file = \". \\\\ mydatabase.db\" try : with sqlite3 . connect ( db_file ) as conn : print ( \"Connected to the database\" ) #your code here except Error as e : print ( e ) Connected to the database","tags":"Python","url":"redoules.github.io/python/Opening_SQLite_database.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/python/Opening_SQLite_database.html"},{"title":"Reading data from a sql database with pandas","text":"Reading data from a sql database with pandas When manipulating you data using pandas, it is sometimes useful to pull data from a database. In this tutorial, we will see how to querry a dataframe from a sqlite table. Note than it would also work with any other sql database a long as you change the connxion to the one that suits your needs. First let's import pandas and sqlite3 import pandas as pd import sqlite3 from sqlite3 import Error We want to store the table tutyfrutty in our dataframe. To do so, we will query all the elements present in the tutyfrutty TABLE with the command : SELECT * FROM tutyfrutty db_file = \". \\\\ mydatabase.db\" try : with sqlite3 . connect ( db_file ) as conn : df = pd . read_sql ( \"SELECT * FROM tutyfrutty\" , conn ) del df [ \"index\" ] #juste delete the index column that was stored in the table except Error as e : print ( e ) df .dataframe thead tr:only-child th { text-align: right; } .dataframe thead th { text-align: left; } .dataframe tbody tr th { vertical-align: top; } fruit color kcal 0 Banana yellow 89 1 Orange orange 47 2 Apple red 52 3 lemon yellow 15 4 lime green 30 5 plum purple 28 6 Cranberry red 308 7 Cranberry red 308","tags":"Python","url":"redoules.github.io/python/Reading_data_from_a_sql_database_with_pandas.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/python/Reading_data_from_a_sql_database_with_pandas.html"},{"title":"Writing data to a sql database with pandas","text":"Writing data to a sql database with pandas When manipulating you data using pandas, it is sometimes useful to store a dataframe. Pandas provides multiple ways to export dataframes. The most common consist in exporting to a csv, a pickle, to hdf or to excel. However, exporting to a sql database can prove very useful. Indeed, having a well structured database is a great for storing all the data related to your analysis in one place. In this tutorial, we will see how to store a dataframe in a new table of a sqlite dataframe. Note than it would also work with any other sql database a long as you change the connxion to the one that suits your needs. First let's import pandas and sqlite3 import pandas as pd import sqlite3 from sqlite3 import Error # Example dataframe raw_data = { 'fruit' : [ 'Banana' , 'Orange' , 'Apple' , 'lemon' , \"lime\" , \"plum\" ], 'color' : [ 'yellow' , 'orange' , 'red' , 'yellow' , \"green\" , \"purple\" ], 'kcal' : [ 89 , 47 , 52 , 15 , 30 , 28 ] } df = pd . DataFrame ( raw_data , columns = [ 'fruit' , 'color' , 'kcal' ]) df .dataframe thead tr:only-child th { text-align: right; } .dataframe thead th { text-align: left; } .dataframe tbody tr th { vertical-align: top; } fruit color kcal 0 Banana yellow 89 1 Orange orange 47 2 Apple red 52 3 lemon yellow 15 4 lime green 30 5 plum purple 28 Now that the DataFrame has been created, let's push it to the sqlite database called mydatabase.db in a new table called tutyfrutty db_file = \". \\\\ mydatabase.db\" try : with sqlite3 . connect ( db_file ) as conn : df . to_sql ( \"tutyfrutty\" , conn ) except Error as e : print ( e ) except ValueError : print ( \"The TABLE tutyfrutty already exists, read below to understand how to handle this case\" ) Note that if the table tutyfrutty was already existing, the to_sql function will return a ValueError. This is where, the if_exists option comes into play. Let's look at the docstring of this function : \"\"\" if_exists : {'fail', 'replace', 'append'}, default 'fail' - fail: If table exists, do nothing. - replace: If table exists, drop it, recreate it, and insert data. - append: If table exists, insert data. Create if does not exist. \"\"\" Let's say, I want to update my dataframe with some new rows df . loc [ len ( df ) + 1 ] = [ 'Cranberry' , 'red' , 308 ] df .dataframe thead tr:only-child th { text-align: right; } .dataframe thead th { text-align: left; } .dataframe tbody tr th { vertical-align: top; } fruit color kcal 0 Banana yellow 89 1 Orange orange 47 2 Apple red 52 3 lemon yellow 15 4 lime green 30 5 plum purple 28 7 Cranberry red 308 8 Cranberry red 308 I can now replace the table with the new values using the \"replace\" option db_file = \". \\\\ mydatabase.db\" try : with sqlite3 . connect ( db_file ) as conn : df . to_sql ( \"tutyfrutty\" , conn , if_exists = \"replace\" ) except Error as e : print ( e )","tags":"Python","url":"redoules.github.io/python/Writing_data_to_a_sql_database_with_pandas.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/python/Writing_data_to_a_sql_database_with_pandas.html"},{"title":"Creating a sqlite database","text":"Creating a sqlite database When you want to start with using databases SQlite is a great tool. It provides an easy onramp to learn and prototype you database with a SQL compatible database. First, let's import the libraries we need import sqlite3 from sqlite3 import Error SQlite doesn't need a database server, however, you have to start by creating an empty database file import os def check_for_db_file (): if os . path . exists ( \"mydatabase.db\" ): print ( \"the database is ready\" ) else : print ( \"no database found\" ) check_for_db_file () no database found Let's then create a function that will connect to a database, print the verison of sqlite and then close the connexion to the database. def create_database ( db_file ): \"\"\" create a database connection to a SQLite database \"\"\" try : with sqlite3 . connect ( db_file ) as conn : print ( \"database created with sqlite3 version {0}\" . format ( sqlite3 . version )) except Error as e : print ( e ) create_database ( \".\\mydatabase.db\" ) database created with sqlite3 version 2.6.0 check_for_db_file () the database is ready You're all set. From now on, you can open the database and write sql querries into it.","tags":"Python","url":"redoules.github.io/python/Creating_a_sqlite_database.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/python/Creating_a_sqlite_database.html"},{"title":"Setting up the notebook for plotting with matplotlib","text":"Importing Matplotlib First we need to import pyplot, a collection of command style functions that make matplotlib work like MATLAB. Let's, as well, use the magic command %matplotlib inline in order to display the figures in the notebook import matplotlib.pyplot as plt % matplotlib inline # this doubles image size, but we'll do it manually below # %config InlineBackend.figure_format = 'retina' The following parameters are recommended for matplotlib, they will make matplotlib output a better quality image # %load snippets/matplot_setup.py plt . rcParams [ 'savefig.dpi' ] = 300 plt . rcParams [ 'figure.dpi' ] = 163 plt . rcParams [ 'figure.autolayout' ] = False plt . rcParams [ 'figure.figsize' ] = 20 , 12 plt . rcParams [ 'axes.labelsize' ] = 18 plt . rcParams [ 'axes.titlesize' ] = 20 plt . rcParams [ 'font.size' ] = 16 plt . rcParams [ 'lines.linewidth' ] = 2.0 plt . rcParams [ 'lines.markersize' ] = 8 plt . rcParams [ 'legend.fontsize' ] = 14 plt . rcParams [ 'text.usetex' ] = False # True activates latex output in fonts! plt . rcParams [ 'font.family' ] = \"serif\" plt . rcParams [ 'font.serif' ] = \"cm\" plt . rcParams [ 'text.latex.preamble' ] = \" \\\\ usepackage{subdepth}, \\\\ usepackage{type1cm}\" You can change the second line in order to fit your display. 163 dpi corresponds to a Dell Ultra HD 4k P2715Q. You can check your screen's dpi count at http://dpi.lv/","tags":"Python","url":"redoules.github.io/python/Setting_up_the_notebook_for_plotting_with_matplotlib.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/python/Setting_up_the_notebook_for_plotting_with_matplotlib.html"},{"title":"Why using a blockchain is a bad idea for your business","text":"What having a blockchain implies? storage costs : everyone maintaining the ledger needs to store every transaction bandwith costs : everyone has to broadcast every transaction computational costs : every node has to validate the blockchain control : the creator does not control the blockchain, everyone collectively controls it developpement costs : developping on a blockchain is way harder than on a traditionnal database What to ask a business when they tell you that they are using a blockchain? When a business is telling you about their innovative technology leveraging the power of the blockchain this should immedialty spake some questions : What is the consensus algorithm? who is responsible for validating the consensus rules? what is the nature of the participation ? is it open to access? is it open to innovation? is it a public ledger? is it transparent? does it improves acountability? is it cross borders? how is it validated?","tags":"Cryptocurrencies","url":"redoules.github.io/cryptocurrencies/blockchain_bad.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/cryptocurrencies/blockchain_bad.html"},{"title":"Synology NFS share","text":"Setting up a NFS share login to your DSM admin account, open the \"Control Panel\" and go to \"File Services\" Make sure NFS is enabled Back in the control panel, go to \"Shared Folder\" Select the folder you want to share and clic \"Edit\" Go to the \"NFS Permissions tab and clic \"Create\", add the ip of the device you want to mount the mapped drive on. Make sure you copy the \"Mount path\"","tags":"Linux","url":"redoules.github.io/linux/share_nfs_share.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/linux/share_nfs_share.html"},{"title":"Mount a NFS share using fstab","text":"Mount nfs using fstab The fstab file, generally located at /etc/fstab lists the differents partitions and where to load them on the filesystem. You can edit this file as root by using the following command sudo nano /etc/fstab in the following example, we want to mount a NFS v3 share from : server : 192.168.1.2 mountpoint (on the server) : /volumeUSB2/usbshare * mountlocation (on the client) : /mnt we specify 192 .168.1.2:/volumeUSB2/usbshare /mnt nfs nfsvers = 3 ,users 0 0 the client will then automatically mount the share ont /mnt at startup. Related you can reload the fstab file using this method : https://redoules.github.io/linux/Reloading_fstab.html You can create a NFS share on a Synology using the method : https://redoules.github.io/linux/share_nfs_share.html","tags":"Linux","url":"redoules.github.io/linux/mount_nfs_share_fstab.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/linux/mount_nfs_share_fstab.html"},{"title":"Installing bitcoind on raspberry pi","text":"Installing bitcoind on linux Running a full bitcoin node helps the bitcoin network to accept, validate and relay transactions. If you want to volunteer some spare computing and bandwidth resources to run a full node and allow Bitcoin to continue to grow you can grab an inexpensive and power efficient raspberry pi and turn it into a full node. There are plenty of tutorials on the Internet explaining how to install a bitcoin full node; this tutorial won't go over setting up a raspberry pi and using ssh. In order to store the full blockchain we will mount a network drive and tell bitcoind to use this mapped drive as the data directory. Download the bitcoin client Go to https://bitcoin.org/en/download Copy the URL for the ARM 32 bit version and download it onto your raspberry pi. wget https://bitcoin.org/bin/bitcoin-core-0.15.1/bitcoin-0.15.1-arm-linux-gnueabihf.tar.gz Locate the downloaded file and extract it using the arguement xzf tar xzf bitcoin-0.15.1-arm-linux-gnueabihf.tar.gz a new directory bitcoin-0.15.1 will be created, it contrains the files we need to install the software Install the bitcoin client We will install the content by copying the binaries located in the bin folder into /usr/local/bin by using the install command. You must use sudo because it will write data to a system directory sudo install -m 0755 -o root -g root -t /usr/local/bin bitcoin-0.15.1/bin/* Launch the bitcoin core client by running bitcoind -daemon Configuration of the node Start your node at boot Starting you node automatically at boot time is a good idea because it doesn't require a manual action from the user. The simplest way to achive this is to create a cronjob. Run the following command crontab -e Select the text editor of your choice, then add the following line at the end of the file @reboot bitcoind -daemon Save the file and exit; the updated crontab file will be installed for you. Full Node If you can afford to download and store all the blockchain, you can run a full node. At the time of writing, the blockchain is 150Go ( https://blockchain.info/fr/charts/blocks-size ). Tree ways to store this are : use a microSD with 256Go or more add a thumbdrive or an external drive to your raspberry pi * mount a network drive from a NAS If you have purchased a big SD card then you can leave the default location for the blockchain data (~/.bitcoin/). Otherwise, you will have to change the datadir location to where your drive is mounted (in my case I have mounted it to /mnt) In order to configure your bitcoin client, edit/create the file bitcoin.conf located in ~/.bitcoin/ nano ~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf copy the following text # From redoules.github.io # This config should be placed in following path: # ~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf # [core] # Specify a non-default location to store blockchain and other data. datadir=/mnt # Set database cache size in megabytes; machines sync faster with a larger cache. Recommend setting as high as possible based upon mach$ dbcache=100 # Keep at most <n> unconnectable transactions in memory. maxorphantx=10 # Keep the transaction memory pool below <n> megabytess. maxmempool=50 # [network] # Maintain at most N connections to peers. maxconnections=40 # Tries to keep outbound traffic under the given target (in MiB per 24h), 0 = no limit. maxuploadtarget=5000 Check https://jlopp.github.io/bitcoin-core-config-generator it is a handy site to edit the bitcoin.conf file Pruning node If you don't want to store the entire blockchain you can run a pruning node which reduces storage requirements by enabling pruning (deleting) of old blocks. Let's say you want to allocated at most 5Go to the blockchain, then specify prune=5000 into your bitcoin.conf file. Edit/create the file bitcoin.conf located in ~/.bitcoin/ nano ~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf copy the following text # From redoules.github.io # This config should be placed in following path: # ~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf # [core] # Set database cache size in megabytes; machines sync faster with a larger cache. Recommend setting as high as possible based upon mach$ dbcache=100 # Keep at most <n> unconnectable transactions in memory. maxorphantx=10 # Keep the transaction memory pool below <n> megabytess. maxmempool=50 # Reduce storage requirements by only storing most recent N MiB of block. This mode is incompatible with -txindex and -rescan. WARNING: Reverting this setting requires re-downloading the entire blockchain. (default: 0 = disable pruning blocks, 1 = allow manual pruning via RPC, greater than 550 = automatically prune blocks to stay under target size in MiB). prune=5000 # [network] # Maintain at most N connections to peers. maxconnections=40 # Tries to keep outbound traffic under the given target (in MiB per 24h), 0 = no limit. maxuploadtarget=5000 Checking if your node is public one of the best way to help the bitcoin network is to allow your node to be visible and to propagate block to other nodes. The bitcoin protocole uses port 8333, other clients should be able to share information with your client. Run ifconfig and check if you have an ipv6 adresse (look for adr inet6:) IPV6 Get the global ipv6 adresse of your raspberry pi Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx inet adr:192.168.1.x Bcast:192.168.1.255 Masque:255.255.255.0 adr inet6: xxxx::xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx/64 Scope:Lien adr inet6: xxxx:xxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx/64 Scope:Global UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:42681744 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:38447218 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 lg file transmission:1000 RX bytes:3044414780 (2.8 GiB) TX bytes:2599878680 (2.4 GiB) it is located between adr inet4 and Scope:Global adr inet6: xxxx:xxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx/64 Scope:Global Copy this adresse and past it into the search field on https://bitnodes.earn.com/ If your node is visible, it will appear on the website IPV4 If you don't have an ipv6 adresse, you will have to open port 8333 on your router and redirect it to the internal IP of your raspberry pi. It is not detailed here because the configuration depends on your router.","tags":"Cryptocurrencies","url":"redoules.github.io/cryptocurrencies/Installing_bitcoind_on_raspberry_pi.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/cryptocurrencies/Installing_bitcoind_on_raspberry_pi.html"},{"title":"Reloading .bashrc","text":"Reload .bashrc The .bashrc file, located at ~/.bashrc allows a user to personalize its bash shell. If you edit this file, the changes won't be loaded without login out and back in. However, you can use the following command to do it source ~/.bashrc","tags":"Linux","url":"redoules.github.io/linux/Reloading_.bashrc.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/linux/Reloading_.bashrc.html"},{"title":"Reloading fstab","text":"Reload fstab The fstab file, generally located at /etc/fstab lists the differents partitions and where to load them on the filesystem. If you edit this file, the changes won't be automounted. You either have to reboot your system of use the following command as root mount -a","tags":"Linux","url":"redoules.github.io/linux/Reloading_fstab.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/linux/Reloading_fstab.html"},{"title":"Updating all python package with anaconda","text":"Updating anaconda packages All packages managed by conda can be updated with the following command : conda update --all Updating other packages with pip For the other packages, the pip package manager can be used. Unfortunately pip hasn't the same update all fonctionnality. import pip from subprocess import call for dist in pip . get_installed_distributions (): print ( \"updating {0}\" . format ( dist )) call ( \"pip install --upgrade \" + dist . project_name , shell = True )","tags":"Python","url":"redoules.github.io/python/updating_all_python_package_with_anaconda.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/python/updating_all_python_package_with_anaconda.html"},{"title":"Saving a matplotlib figure with a high resolution","text":"creating a matplotlib figure #Importing matplotlib % matplotlib inline import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np Drawing a figure # Fixing random state for reproducibility np . random . seed ( 19680801 ) mu , sigma = 100 , 15 x = mu + sigma * np . random . randn ( 10000 ) # the histogram of the data n , bins , patches = plt . hist ( x , 50 , normed = 1 , facecolor = 'g' , alpha = 0.75 ) plt . xlabel ( 'Smarts' ) plt . ylabel ( 'Probability' ) plt . title ( 'Histogram of IQ' ) plt . text ( 60 , . 025 , r '$\\mu=100,\\ \\sigma=15$' ) plt . axis ([ 40 , 160 , 0 , 0.03 ]) plt . grid ( True ) plt . show () Saving the figure normally, one would use the following code plt . savefig ( 'filename.png' ) <matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x2e45e92f400> The figure in then exported to the file \"filename.png\" with a standard resolution. In adittion, you can specify the dpi arg to some scalar value, for example: plt . savefig ( 'filename_hi_dpi.png' , dpi = 300 ) <matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x2e462164898>","tags":"Python","url":"redoules.github.io/python/Saving_a_matplotlib_figure_with_a_high_resolution.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/python/Saving_a_matplotlib_figure_with_a_high_resolution.html"},{"title":"Iterating over a DataFrame","text":"Create a sample dataframe # Import modules import pandas as pd # Example dataframe raw_data = { 'fruit' : [ 'Banana' , 'Orange' , 'Apple' , 'lemon' , \"lime\" , \"plum\" ], 'color' : [ 'yellow' , 'orange' , 'red' , 'yellow' , \"green\" , \"purple\" ], 'kcal' : [ 89 , 47 , 52 , 15 , 30 , 28 ] } df = pd . DataFrame ( raw_data , columns = [ 'fruit' , 'color' , 'kcal' ]) df .dataframe thead tr:only-child th { text-align: right; } .dataframe thead th { text-align: left; } .dataframe tbody tr th { vertical-align: top; } fruit color kcal 0 Banana yellow 89 1 Orange orange 47 2 Apple red 52 3 lemon yellow 15 4 lime green 30 5 plum purple 28 Using the iterrows method Pandas DataFrames can return a generator with the iterrrows method. It can then be used to loop over the rows of the DataFrame for index , row in df . iterrows (): print ( \"At line {0} there is a {1} which is {2} and contains {3} kcal\" . format ( index , row [ \"fruit\" ], row [ \"color\" ], row [ \"kcal\" ])) At line 0 there is a Banana which is yellow and contains 89 kcal At line 1 there is a Orange which is orange and contains 47 kcal At line 2 there is a Apple which is red and contains 52 kcal At line 3 there is a lemon which is yellow and contains 15 kcal At line 4 there is a lime which is green and contains 30 kcal At line 5 there is a plum which is purple and contains 28 kcal","tags":"Python","url":"redoules.github.io/python/Iterating_over_a_dataframe.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/python/Iterating_over_a_dataframe.html"},{"title":"Article Recommander","text":"import pandas as pd import numpy as np % matplotlib inline Loading data and preprocessing we first learn the pickled article database. We will be cleaning it and separating the interesting articles from the uninteresting ones. df = pd . read_pickle ( './article.pkl' ) del df [ \"html\" ] del df [ \"image\" ] del df [ \"URL\" ] del df [ \"hash\" ] del df [ \"source\" ] df [ \"label\" ] = df [ \"note\" ] . apply ( lambda x : 0 if x <= 0 else 1 ) df . head ( 5 ) .dataframe thead tr:only-child th { text-align: right; } .dataframe thead th { text-align: left; } .dataframe tbody tr th { vertical-align: top; } authors note resume texte titre label 0 [Danny Bradbury, Marco Santori, Adam Draper, M... -10.0 Black Market Reloaded, a black market site tha... Black Market Reloaded, a black market site tha... Black Market Reloaded back online after source... 0 1 [Emily Spaven, Stan Higgins, Emilyspaven] 1.0 The UK Home Office believes the government sho... The UK Home Office believes the government sho... Home Office: UK Should Create a Crime-Fighting... 1 2 [Pete Rizzo, Alex Batlin, Yessi Bello Perez, P... -10.0 Though lofty in its ideals, lead developer Dan... A new social messaging app is aiming to disrup... Gems Bitcoin App Lets Users Earn Money From So... 0 3 [Nermin Hajdarbegovic, Stan Higgins, Pete Rizz... 3.0 US satellite service provider DISH Network has... US satellite service provider DISH Network has... DISH Becomes World's Largest Company to Accept... 1 4 [Stan Higgins, Bailey Reutzel, Garrett Keirns,... -10.0 An unidentified 28-year-old man was robbed of ... An unidentified 28-year-old man was robbed of ... Bitcoin Stolen at Gunpoint in New York City Ro... 0 Basic statistics on the dataset let's explore the dataset and extract some numbers : * the number of article liked/disliked df [ \"label\" ] . value_counts () 0 879 1 324 Name: label, dtype: int64 Create the full content column df [ 'full_content' ] = df . titre + ' ' + df . resume #exclude the full texte of the article for the moment df . head ( 1 ) .dataframe thead tr:only-child th { text-align: right; } .dataframe thead th { text-align: left; } .dataframe tbody tr th { vertical-align: top; } authors note resume texte titre label full_content 0 [Danny Bradbury, Marco Santori, Adam Draper, M... -10.0 Black Market Reloaded, a black market site tha... Black Market Reloaded, a black market site tha... Black Market Reloaded back online after source... 0 Black Market Reloaded back online after source... from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split training , testing = train_test_split ( df , # The dataset we want to split train_size = 0.75 , # The proportional size of our training set stratify = df . label , # The labels are used for stratification random_state = 400 # Use the same random state for reproducibility ) training . head ( 5 ) .dataframe thead tr:only-child th { text-align: right; } .dataframe thead th { text-align: left; } .dataframe tbody tr th { vertical-align: top; } authors note resume texte titre label full_content 748 [Jon Brodkin] -10.0 Amazon, Reddit, Mozilla, and other Internet co... Amazon, Reddit, Mozilla, and other Internet co... Amazon and Reddit try to save net neutrality r... 0 Amazon and Reddit try to save net neutrality r... 1183 [Jon Brodkin] -10.0 (The Time Warner involved in this transaction ... A group of mostly Democratic senators led by A... Democrats urge Trump administration to block A... 0 Democrats urge Trump administration to block A... 769 [Joseph Brogan] -10.0 On Twitter, bad news comes at all hours, with ... On Twitter, bad news comes at all hours, with ... Some of the best art on Twitter comes from the... 0 Some of the best art on Twitter comes from the... 57 [Michael Del Castillo, Pete Rizzo, Trond Vidar... -10.0 Publicly traded online travel service Webjet i... Publicly traded online travel service Webjet i... Webjet Ethereum Pilot Targets Hotel Industry's... 0 Webjet Ethereum Pilot Targets Hotel Industry's... 892 [Andrew Cunningham] 10.0 What has changed on the 2017 MacBook, then?\\nI... Andrew Cunningham\\n\\nAndrew Cunningham\\n\\nAndr... Mini-review: The 2017 MacBook could actually b... 1 Mini-review: The 2017 MacBook could actually b... from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer , CountVectorizer from sklearn.svm import LinearSVC , SVC from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_predict from utils.plotting import pipeline_performance steps = ( ( 'vectorizer' , TfidfVectorizer ()), ( 'classifier' , LinearSVC ()) ) pipeline = Pipeline ( steps ) predicted_labels = cross_val_predict ( pipeline , training . full_content , training . label ) pipeline_performance ( training . label , predicted_labels ) pipeline = pipeline . fit ( training . titre , training . label ) Accuracy = 80.6% Confusion matrix, without normalization [[624 35] [140 103]] import re from utils.plotting import print_top_features from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV def mask_integers ( s ): return re . sub ( r '\\d+' , 'INTMASK' , s ) steps = ( ( 'vectorizer' , TfidfVectorizer ()), ( 'classifier' , LinearSVC ()) ) pipeline = Pipeline ( steps ) gs_params = { #'vectorizer__use_idf': (True, False), 'vectorizer__lowercase' : [ True , False ], 'vectorizer__stop_words' : [ 'english' , None ], 'vectorizer__ngram_range' : [( 1 , 1 ), ( 1 , 2 ), ( 2 , 2 )], 'vectorizer__preprocessor' : [ mask_integers , None ], 'classifier__C' : np . linspace ( 5 , 20 , 25 ) } gs = GridSearchCV ( pipeline , gs_params , n_jobs = 1 ) gs . fit ( training . full_content , training . label ) print ( gs . best_params_ ) print ( gs . best_score_ ) pipeline1 = gs . best_estimator_ predicted_labels = pipeline1 . predict ( testing . full_content ) pipeline_performance ( testing . label , predicted_labels ) print_top_features ( pipeline1 , n_features = 10 ) aaa = gs . predict ( testing . full_content ) == testing . label aaa = aaa [ testing . label == 1 ] testing [ \"titre\" ] . iloc [ ~ aaa . values ] #pipeline1.predict([\"windows xbox bitcoin\"]) from sklearn.externals import joblib joblib . dump ( pipeline1 , 'classifier.pkl' ) gs . predict ([ 'Google' ]) array([1], dtype=int64) steps = ( ( 'vectorizer' , TfidfVectorizer ()), ( 'classifier' , SVC ()) ) pipeline = Pipeline ( steps ) gs_params = { #'vectorizer__use_idf': (True, False), 'vectorizer__stop_words' : [ 'english' , None ], 'vectorizer__ngram_range' : [( 1 , 1 ), ( 1 , 2 ), ( 2 , 2 )], 'vectorizer__preprocessor' : [ mask_integers , None ], 'classifier__C' : np . linspace ( 5 , 20 , 25 ) } gs = GridSearchCV ( pipeline , gs_params , n_jobs = 1 ) gs . fit ( training . full_content , training . label ) print ( gs . best_params_ ) print ( gs . best_score_ ) pipeline1 = gs . best_estimator_ predicted_labels = pipeline1 . predict ( testing . full_content ) pipeline_performance ( testing . label , predicted_labels ) print_top_features ( pipeline1 , n_features = 10 ) {'classifier__C': 5.0, 'vectorizer__ngram_range': (1, 1), 'vectorizer__preprocessor': <function mask_integers at 0x00000237491B67B8>, 'vectorizer__stop_words': 'english'} 0.711180124224 Accuracy = 71.2% Confusion matrix, without normalization [[153 0] [ 62 0]] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ValueError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-9-3e0781e307fb> in <module>() 25 pipeline_performance(testing.label, predicted_labels) 26 ---> 27 print_top_features(pipeline1, n_features=10) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Documents\\Code\\recommandation\\utils\\plotting.py in print_top_features(pipeline, vectorizer_name, classifier_name, n_features) 81 def print_top_features(pipeline, vectorizer_name='vectorizer', classifier_name='classifier', n_features=7): 82 vocabulary = np.array(pipeline.named_steps[vectorizer_name].get_feature_names()) ---> 83 coefs = pipeline.named_steps[classifier_name].coef_[0] 84 top_feature_idx = np.argsort(coefs) 85 top_features = vocabulary[top_feature_idx] C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\svm\\base.py in coef_(self) 483 def coef_(self): 484 if self.kernel != 'linear': --> 485 raise ValueError('coef_ is only available when using a ' 486 'linear kernel') 487 ValueError: coef_ is only available when using a linear kernel from sklearn.naive_bayes import BernoulliNB steps = ( ( 'vectorizer' , TfidfVectorizer ()), ( 'classifier' , BernoulliNB ()) ) pipeline2 = Pipeline ( steps ) gs_params = { 'vectorizer__stop_words' : [ 'english' , None ], 'vectorizer__ngram_range' : [( 1 , 1 ), ( 1 , 2 ), ( 2 , 2 )], 'vectorizer__preprocessor' : [ mask_integers , None ], 'classifier__alpha' : np . linspace ( 0 , 1 , 5 ), 'classifier__fit_prior' : [ True , False ] } gs = GridSearchCV ( pipeline2 , gs_params , n_jobs = 1 ) gs . fit ( training . full_content , training . label ) print ( gs . best_params_ ) print ( gs . best_score_ ) pipeline2 = gs . best_estimator_ predicted_labels = pipeline2 . predict ( testing . full_content ) pipeline_performance ( testing . label , predicted_labels ) print_top_features ( pipeline2 , n_features = 10 ) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:820: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log neg_prob = np.log(1 - np.exp(self.feature_log_prob_)) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:823: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in add jll += self.class_log_prior_ + neg_prob.sum(axis=1) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:801: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - {'classifier__alpha': 0.25, 'classifier__fit_prior': True, 'vectorizer__ngram_range': (1, 1), 'vectorizer__preprocessor': <function mask_integers at 0x00000237491B67B8>, 'vectorizer__stop_words': 'english'} 0.805900621118 Accuracy = 78.1% Confusion matrix, without normalization [[140 13] [ 34 28]] Top like features: ['use' 'just' 'year' 'price' 'time' 'Bitcoin' 'bitcoin' 'new' 'The' 'INTMASK'] --- Top dislike features: ['ABBA' 'cable' 'cab' 'byte' 'publication' 'bye' 'publications' 'publicity' 'buyer' 'publicizing'] from sklearn.naive_bayes import MultinomialNB steps = ( ( 'vectorizer' , TfidfVectorizer ()), ( 'classifier' , MultinomialNB ()) ) pipeline3 = Pipeline ( steps ) gs_params = { 'vectorizer__stop_words' : [ 'english' , None ], 'vectorizer__ngram_range' : [( 1 , 1 ), ( 1 , 2 ), ( 2 , 2 )], 'vectorizer__preprocessor' : [ mask_integers , None ], 'classifier__alpha' : np . linspace ( 0 , 1 , 5 ), 'classifier__fit_prior' : [ True , False ] } gs = GridSearchCV ( pipeline3 , gs_params , n_jobs = 1 ) gs . fit ( training . full_content , training . label ) print ( gs . best_params_ ) print ( gs . best_score_ ) pipeline3 = gs . best_estimator_ predicted_labels = pipeline3 . predict ( testing . full_content ) pipeline_performance ( testing . label , predicted_labels ) print_top_features ( pipeline3 , n_features = 10 ) C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - C:\\Users\\Guillaume\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\naive_bayes.py:699: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log self.feature_log_prob_ = (np.log(smoothed_fc) - {'classifier__alpha': 0.5, 'classifier__fit_prior': False, 'vectorizer__ngram_range': (1, 1), 'vectorizer__preprocessor': <function mask_integers at 0x00000237491B67B8>, 'vectorizer__stop_words': 'english'} 0.80900621118 Accuracy = 79.1% Confusion matrix, without normalization [[141 12] [ 33 29]] Top like features: ['time' 'Google' 'Pro' 'Apple' 'new' 'The' 'Bitcoin' 'price' 'bitcoin' 'INTMASK'] --- Top dislike features: ['ABBA' 'categories' 'catching' 'catalyst' 'catalog' 'casually' 'casts' 'cast' 'cashier' 'ran']","tags":"Machine Learning","url":"redoules.github.io/machine-learning/Source code for the recommandation engine for articles.html","loc":"redoules.github.io/machine-learning/Source code for the recommandation engine for articles.html"}]}
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